Typically, you mount them directly to the boat and on the underside (up through the gunal) you use a piece of marine plywood backer. The wood isn't nice looking so you hide it up underneath and out of the way. I personally have 3/4" marine plywood in my boat. The guy who originally bought the boat from the marina purchased the downriggers at the same time and they did the installation for him including the plywood. That stuff is really expensive so buying a full sheet is something to avoid.
If you don't want to shell the money out for marine plywood use wolmanized plywood for exterior house use.
I'd cut the biggest and longest piece of wood possible to the shape of the boat. Then mount your rigger bases and tracks are to the same piece of wood. It's all about surface area. Rather than pulling on one little area of the aluminum or fiberglass you're pulling on the entire piece of wood.
If you don't want to shell the money out for marine plywood use wolmanized plywood for exterior house use.
I'd cut the biggest and longest piece of wood possible to the shape of the boat. Then mount your rigger bases and tracks are to the same piece of wood. It's all about surface area. Rather than pulling on one little area of the aluminum or fiberglass you're pulling on the entire piece of wood.